BAMBANCIN DA KE TSAKANIN
SHUGABANNIN MAZHABOBI WAJEN
HANYOYIN DA SUKE DOGARO DA
SU (3).
MAZHABAR IMAMU MALIK
Shi kuwa Imamu Malik (R.A.),
tsarinsa ya bambanta, don shi ya
kasance yana cewa, “Yanzu duk
lokacin da wani mutum gwanin
jayayya ya zo mana, sai mu bar
abin da Jibrilu ya saukar da shi ga
Muhammad (S.A.W.), saboda iya
jayayyarsa? Kuma da ma a baya
mun ga cewa mazhabarsa ita ce
mazhabar mutanen Hijaz, wato
’yan makarantar Imamu Sa’id Ibnul
Musayyib (RA). Don haka ana iya
taqaice ginshiqan mazhabar Malik
kamar haka:
Game da nassin Qur’ani mai girma.
Sannan riqo da zahirin nassinsa
wanda shi ne “Umumi.”
Riqo da dalilin nassinsa wanda shi
ne “Mafhumil muhalafa.” Ma’anar
wannan shi ne rashin la’akari da
gundarin abin da nassi ya nuna
saboda dalili na wani nassin mai
gamewa, da ya fi shi qarfi, misali
Hadisi ya ce: cikin dabbobi
sakakku akwai zakka wanda ya
nuna babu zakka cikin dabbobi
tirkakku, amma ba za a yi la’akari
da wannan fahimtar ba, saboda
fadar Allah Ta’ala ka karbi sadaka
(Zakka) daga dukiyoyinsu.”
Sannan riqo da mafahumin nassi
(gundarin abin da nassin ya nuna
wanda ake kira “mafahumil
mukhalafa”) wato fahimtar da ta yi
daidai da lafazin nassi.
Sannan riqo da fadakarwarsa, wato
fadakarwa game da illar da ta sa
aka saukar da hukuncin, kamar
fadar Allah Ta’ala, “Domin lallai shi
qazanta ne, ko kuma fasiqanci ne.”
To wadannan ginshiqai ne guda
biyar kuma a Sunnah ma akwai
biyar kamarsu, wanda idan aka
hada su sun zama goma ke nan.
Sai kuma riqo da Ijma’i.
Qiyasi.
Aikin mutanen Madina.
Hukunci don toshe kafar barna.
Aiki da maslaha.
Sannan aiki da maganar Sahabi
(idan salsalar da aka samo
maganar ta hanyar da ta inganta
ne, kuma Sahabin yana daga
fitattu).
La’akari da savani (idan Hujjar mai
sabanin tana da qarfi).
Sannan Istishabi.
Sannan Shari’ar wadanda suka
gabace mu.